His disciplinarian regime was a stark contrast to the indulgent Florentine Court of Leopold. Įmperor Joseph II himself took charge of Francis' development. Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor (his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in Vienna to educate and prepare him for his future role. Francis was born in Florence, the capital of Tuscany, where his father reigned as Grand Duke from 1765 to 1790. Due to the establishment of the Concert of Europe, which largely resisted popular nationalist and liberal tendencies, Francis was viewed as a reactionary later in his reign.įrancis II's grandchildren included Napoleon II (Napoleon's only legitimate son), Franz Joseph I of Austria, Maximilian I of Mexico, Maria II of Portugal and Pedro II of Brazil.ġ770 painting by Anton Raphael Mengs depicting Archduke Francis at the age of 2įrancis was a son of Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) and his wife Maria Luisa of Spain (1745–1792), daughter of Charles III of Spain. After the abdication of Napoleon following the War of the Sixth Coalition, Austria participated as a leading member of the Holy Alliance at the Congress of Vienna, which was largely dominated by Francis' chancellor Klemens von Metternich culminating in a new European map and the restoration of most of Francis' ancient dominions. The marriage of his daughter Marie Louise of Austria to Napoleon on 10 March 1810 was arguably his severest personal defeat. He also served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in June 8 1815.įrancis II continued his leading role as an opponent of Napoleonic France in the Napoleonic Wars, and suffered several more defeats after the Battle of Austerlitz. He was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. He assumed the title of Emperor of Austria in response to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French.
12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor as Francis II (from 1792 to 1806), and the founder and Emperor of the Austrian Empire as Francis I (from 1804 to 1835). Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxonyįrancis II or I ( German: Franz II.Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil and Queen of Portugal.
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